Watkins Publications

Publications by Leonard Watkins, Ph.D

 

Additional Abstracts              Additional Publications

 

 

1.         Caton MPL, Coffee ECJ, Watkins GL. Prostaglandins: A new total synthesis of (+)-11-deoxy-prostaglandin. Tetrahedron Letters 1972;773-774

 

2.         Caton MPL, Parker T, Watkins GL. Prostaglandins II. Synthesis of (+)-9-deoxy-13,14-dihydroprostaglandins. Tetrahedron Letters 1972;3341-3344

 

3.         Caton MPL, Coffee ECJ, Watkins GL. Prostaglandins III. Synthesis of (+)-11-deoxy-PGE1. Tetrahedron Letters 1974;585-586

 

4.         Caton MPL, Coffee ECJ, Parker T, Watkins GL. A Simple Route to 2-alkyl cyclopent-2-enones. Synthetic Communications 1974;4:303-306

 

5.         Burton TS, Caton MPL, Coffee ECJ, Parker T, Stuttle KAJ, Watkins GL. Prostaglandins. Part 4. Synthesis of (+)-11-deoxyprostaglandins from 2-(w-hydroxyheptyl)-cyclopent-2-enones. J Chem Soc Perkin Transactions I 1976;2550-2556

 

6.         Banerjee AK, Broughton BJ, Burton TS, Caton MPL, Christmas AJ, Coffee ECJ, Crowshaw K, Heazell MA, Stuttle KAJ, Watkins GL. Synthesis and gastro-intestinal pharmacology of some 15- and 16- modified (+)-11-deoxyprostaglandins. Prostaglandins 1978;16:541-554

 

7.         Watkins GL, Jewett DM, Mulholland GK, Kilbourn MR, Toorongian SA. A captive solvent method for rapid N-[11C]-methylation of secondary amides: Application to the benzodiazepine, 4'-chlorodiazepam. Int J Radiat Appl Instrum Part A, Appl Radiat Isot 1988;39:441-444

 

8.         Jewett DM, Toorongian SA, Mulholland GK, Watkins GL, Kilbourn MR. Multiphase extraction: Rapid phase-transfer of [18F]fluoride for nucleophilic radiolabeling reactions. Int J Radiat Appl Instrum Part A, Appl Radiat Isot 1988;39:1109-1111

 

9.         Haka MS, Kilbourn MR, Watkins GL, Toorongian SA. Aryltrimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonates as precursors to aryl [18F]fluorides: Improved synthesis of [18F]GBR-13119. J Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals 1989;27:823-833

 

10.      Junck L, Olsen JMM, Ciliax BJ, Koeppe RA, Watkins GL, Jewett DM, McKeever PE, Wieland DM, Kilbourn MP, Starosta-Rubinstein S, Mancini WR, Kuhl DE, Greenberg HS, Young AB. PET imaging of human gliomas with ligands for the peripheral benzodiazepine binding site. Ann Neurol 1989;26:752-758

 

11.      Kahn D, Weiner GJ, Ben-Haim S, Boles Ponto LL, Madsen MT, Bushnell DL, Watkins GL, Argenyi EE, Hichwa RD. Positron emission tomographic measurement of bone marrow blood flow to the pelvis and lumbar vertebrae in young normal adults. Blood 1994;83:958-963

 

12.      Hurtig RR, Hichwa RD, O'Leary DS, Ponto LLB, Narayana S, Watkins GL. Andreasen NC. Effects of timing and duration of cognitive activation in [O-15]water PET studies. J Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1994;14:423-430

 

13.      Grabowski TJ, Damasio H, Frank R, Hichwa RD, Boles Ponto LL, Watkins GL. A new technique for PET slice orientation and MRI-PET coregistration. Human Brain Mapping 1995;2:123-133

 

14.      Grabowski TJ, Damasio H, Frank RJ, Brown CK, Boles Ponto LL, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Neuroanatomical analysis of functional brain images: Validation with retinotopic mapping. Human Brain Mapping 1995;2:134-148

 

15.      Arndt S, Cizadlo T, Andreasen NC, Zeien G, Harris G, O'Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. A comparison of approaches to the statistical analysis of [O-15]H2O PET cognitive activation studies. J Neuropsychiatry & Clin Neurosci 1995;7:155-168

 

16.      Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Arndt S, Cizadlo T, Hurtig R, Rezai K, Watkins GL, Boles Ponto LL, Hichwa RD. Short-term and long-term verbal memory: A positron emission study. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 1995;92:5111-5115

 

17.      Argenyi EE, Boles Ponto LL, Hichwa RD, Watkins GL, Kirchner PT, Ryals TJ. Follow-up of treatment of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation with acetazolamide and positron emission tomography. Clin Nucl Med 1995; 20:639-641

 

18.      Hichwa RD, Kadrmas D, Watkins GL, Wollenweber SD, Maniam S, Boles Ponto LL, Richmond JCW, Koeppel JA. Vanadium-48: A renewable source for transmission scanning with PET. Nucl Instr & Meth Phys Res 1995;B99:804-806

 

19.      Argenyi EE, Dogan AS, Urdaneta LF, Boles Ponto LL, Hichwa RD, Watkins GL. Detection of unsuspected metastasis in a melanoma patient with positron emission tomography. Clin Nucl Med 1995;20:744-747

 

20.      Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Arndt S, Cizadlo T, Rezai K, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. I. PET studies of memory: Novel and practiced free recall of complex narratives. NeuroImage 1995;2:284-295

 

21.      Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Cizadlo T, Arndt S, Rezai K, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. II. PET studies of memory: Novel versus practiced free recall of word lists. NeuroImage 1995;2:296-305

 

22.      Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Cizadlo T, Arndt S, Rezai K, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Remembering the Past: Two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography. Amer J Psychiatry 1995;11:1576-1585

 

 

23.      Narayana S, Hichwa RD, Boles Ponto LL, Ponto JA, Watkins GL. Dosimetry of [O-15]water: A physiologic approach. Medical Physics 1995;23:159-168

           

24.      Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Arndt S, Cizadlo T, Hurtig R, Rezai K, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Neural substrates of facial recognition. J Neuropsychiatry & Clin Neurosci 1996;8:139-146

 

25.      O'Leary DS, Andreasen NC, Hurtig RR, Hichwa RD, Watkins GL, Boles Ponto LL, Rogers M, Kirchner PT. A positron emission tomography study of binaurally- and dichotically-presented stimuli: Effects of level of language and directed attention. Brain & Language 1996;53:20-39

 

26.      O'Leary DS, Andreasen NC, Hurtig RR, Kesler ML, Rogers M, Arndt S, Cizadlo T, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Kirchner PT, Hichwa RD. Auditory attentional deficits in patients with schizophrenia: A positron emission tomography (PET) study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:633-641

 

27.      Grabowski TJ, Frank RJ, Brown CK, Damasio H, Boles Ponto LL, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Reliability of PET activation across statistical methods, subject groups, and sample sizes. Human Brain Mapping. 1996;4:23-46

 

28.      Andreasen NC, Arndt S, Cizadlo T, O'Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Sample size and statistical power in [O-15]H2O studies of human cognition. J Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1996;16:804-816

 

29.      Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Cizadlo T, Arndt S, Rezai K, Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Schizophrenia and cognitive dysmetria: A positron-emission tomography study of dysfunctional prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 1996;93:9985-9990

 

30.      Paradiso S, Robinson RG, Andreasen NC, Downhill JE, Davidson RJ, Kirchner PT, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Emotional activation of limbic circuitry in elderly normal subjects in a PET study. Amer J Psychiatry 1997;154:384-389

 

31.      Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Flaum M, Nopoulos P, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: distrubuted dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-naive patients. The Lancet 1997;340:1730-1734

 

32.      Paradiso S, Facorro BC, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Brain activity assessed with PET during recall of work lists and narratives. NeuroReport 1997;8:3091-3096.

 

 

33.      Miller DD, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Rezai K, Watkins GL, Boles Ponto LL, Hichwa RD. Effect of antipsychotics on regional cerebral blood flow measured with emission tomagraphy. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997;17:230-240

 

34.      Narayana S, Hichwa RD, Boles Ponto LL, Hurtig RR, Watkins GL. Construction of a whole body blood flow model for use in positron emission tomography imaging with [O-15]Water. J Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics 1997;25:539-568

 

35.      O'Leary DS, Andreasen NC, Hurtig RR, Torres IJ, Flashman LA, Kesler ML, Arndt SV, Cizadlo TJ, Boles Ponto LL, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Auditory and visual attention assessed with PET. Human Brain Mapping. 1997;5(6): 422-436

 

36.      O'Leary DS, Andreasen NC, Hichwa RD, Hurtig RR, Watkins GL, Boles Ponto LL. A positron emission tomography study of modality-specific, spatial attention. Human Brain Mapping. 1998;6: 14-32   

 

37.      Ponto LLB, Madsen M, Hichwa R, Watkins GL, Mayr N, Yuh W, Magnotta V, Ehrhardt J. Assessment of blood flow in solid tumors using PET. Clinical Positron Imaging 1998;1: 117-121

 

38.      Wiser AK, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Boles-Ponto LL, Hichwa RD. Dysfunctional cortico-cerebellar circuits cause “cognitive dysmetria” in schizophrenia. NeuroReport 1998;9: 1895-1899

 

39.      Johnson DL, Wiebe JS, Gold SM, Andreasen NC, Hichwa RD, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB. Cerebral blood flow and personality: a positron emission tomography study. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156(2):252-257

 

40.      Hichwa RD, Aykac M, Bilgen D, Watkins GL. Intelligent [F-18]Fluoride target system. Am Inst Phys Conf Proc. 1999;475: 1014-1015

 

41.      Kim JJ, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Wiser AK, Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Direct comparison of the neural substrates of recognition memory for words and faces. Brain 1999;122: 1069-1083

 

42.      Schultz SK, O’Leary DS, Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD, Andreasen NC. Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow among young to midlife adults. NeuroReport 1999;10: 2493-2496

 

43.      Crespo-Facorro B, Paradiso S, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Recalling word list reveals “cognitive dysmetria” in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomograph study. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156(3): 386-392

 

44.      Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Paradiso S, Cizaldo T, Arndt S, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. The cerebellum plays a role in conscious episodic memory retrieval. Human Brain Mapping 1999;8:226-234

 

45.      Paradiso S, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, , Hichwa RD, Ponto LLB , Johnson DL, Watkins GL. Cerebral blood flow changes associated with attribution of emotional valence to pleasant, unpleasant and neutral visual stimuli in a PET study of normal subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156: 1618-1629

 

46.      Hichwa RD, Aykac M, Bilgen D, Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Wollenweber SD, Madsen MT. Automatic self-correction calibration method for arterial blood sampling detectors used in PET imaging. IEEE Transactions on Nuc Sci. 1999;46: 2124-2127

 

47.      Block R, O’Leary DS, , Hichwa RD, Augustinack JC, Boles Ponto LL, Ghoneim MM, Arndt SV, Ehrhardt JC, Hurtig RR, Watkins GL, Hall JA, Nathan PE, Andreasen NC. Cerebellar hypoactivity in frequent marijuana users. NeuroReport 2000;11: 749-753

 

48.      Wiser AK, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Crespo-Facorro B, Ponto, LB, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD Novel vs. Well-learned Memory for Faces: A Positron Emission Tomography Study. J Cognitive Neuroscience. 2000; 12: 255-266.

 

49.      Kim JJ, Mohamed S, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Regional neural dysfunctions in chronic schizophrenia studied with positron emission tomography. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157: 542-548

 

50.      O’Leary DS, Block RI, Flaum M, Schultz SK, Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Hurtig RR, Andreasen NC, Hichwa RD. Acute marijuana effects on rCBF and cognition: a PET study. NeuroReport. 2000;11: 3855-3840

 

51.      Kruse MA, Rees SE, Watkins GL. Rapid analysis of kryptofix or tetrabutylammonium ion in the radiopharmaceutical fluorodeoxyglucose. Book of Abstracts, 219th ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 26-30, 2000.

 

52.      Aykac M, Hichwa RD, Watkins GL. Investigation of a noninvasive detector system for quantitative [O-15]water blood flow studies in PET. IEEE Transactions on Nuc Sci. 2001;48; 31-37

 

53.      Crespo-Facorro B, Wiser AK, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Neural basis of novel and well-learned recognition memory in schizorphrenia: A positron emission tomography study. Human Brain Mapping. 2001;12: 219-231

 

54.      Miller DD, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Comparison of the effects of risperidone and haloperidol on regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 2001;49: 704-715

 

55.      Crespo-Facorro B, Paradiso S, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Neural mechanisms of anhedonia in schizophrenia: A PET study of response to unpleasant and pleasant odors. JAMA. 2001 (Jul 25);286: 427-435

56.      Block RI, O’Leary DS, Hichwa RD, Augustinack JC, Ponto LLB, Ghoneim MM, Arndt S, Hurtig RR, Watkins GL, Hall HA, Nathan PE, Andreasen NC. Effects of frequent marijuana use on memory-related regional cerebral blood flow. Pharmacol Biochem & Behavior. 2002;72: 237-250.

 

57.      O’Leary DS, Block RI, Koeppel JA, Flaum M, Schultz SK, Andreasen NC, Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Hurtig RR, Hichwa RD. Effects of Smoking Marijuana on Brain Perfusion and Cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002;26(6): 802-816

 

58.      Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD, Richmond JC, Clark J, Ward CA, Clermont DA. [15-O]Water pharmacokinetics: Influence of age and gender in normal subjects. Mol. Imag. Biol. 2002; 4: 129-137.

 

59.      Ponto LLB, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD, Richmond JC, Clark J, Ward CA, Clermont DA. Erratum: [15-O]Water pharmacokinetics: Influence of age and gender in normal subjects. Mol. Imag. Biol. 2002; 4: 264-265.

 

60.      Ponto LLB, Kathol RG, Kettelkamp R, Watkins GL, Richmond JCW, Clark J, Hichwa RD. Global cerebral blood flow after CO2 inhalation in normal subjects and parients with panic disorder determined with [15O]water and PET. J of Anxiety Disorders. 2002;16(3):247-258.

 

61.      Schultz SK, O’Leary DS, Ponto LLB, Arndt S, Magnotta V, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD, Andreasen NC. Age and regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia: Age effects in anterior cingulate, frontal and parietal cortex. J Neuropsychiatry and Clin Neurosci. 2002;14(1):19-24

 

62.      Ponto LLB, Graham MM, Richmond JC, Ward CA, Clermont DA, Schmitt BA, Clark J, Conklin A, Weldon L, Watkins GL, Madsen MT,Hichwa RD. Contamination levels in blood samples drawn from the injection intravenous line. Mol. Imag. Biol. 2002; 4: 410-414.

 

63.      Paradiso S, Robinson RG, Boles Ponto LL, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Regional cerebral blood flow during visually induced subjective sadness in healthy elderly persons. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2003;15:35-44.

 

64.      Grabowski TJ, Damasio H, Tranel D, Cooper GE, Boles Ponto LL, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Residual naming aftyer damage to the left temporal pole: a PET activation study. NeuroImage 2003;19:846-860.

 

65.      Paradiso S, Andreasen NC, Crespo-Facorro B, O’Leary DS, Watkins GL, Ponto LLB, Hichwa RD. Emotions in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia during evaluation with positron emission tomography. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:1775-1783

 

66.      Boles Ponto LL, Schultz KS, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD. Technical issues in the determination of cerebrovascular reserve in elderly subjects using 15O-water PET imaging. NeuroImage 21 (2004) 201-210.